Figure 1: A basic log. A suite of logging measurements might include spontaneous potential, gamma ray, resistivity, neutron and density curves in a single presentation. The gamma ray response (Track 1) distinguishes the low gamma ray value of sand from the higher value of shale. The spontaneous potential curve generally follows a trend similar to that of the gamma ray. The next column, called the depth track, indicates the depth at which the measurement was made. Across the sandstone formation, the resistivity measurements (Track 2) are noticeably higher in the hydrocarbon zone than in the water-saturated zone in the lower part of the sand. Both neutron porosity and bulk density (Track 3) provide measures of porosity. Within the hydrocarbon-bearing zone, the separation of the curves varies depending on the type of fluid encountered.